The Brahmaputra River is one of the greatest rivers in the world, playing a significant role in shaping the geography, culture, and economy of the regions it flows through. Its journey spans multiple countries, originating in Tibet, carving through the mountains of Arunachal Pradesh, and finally meandering through the vast plains of Assam before reaching Bangladesh.
Among these regions, Assam holds a special connection with the river, as it runs through the heart of the state, influencing the lives of millions. In this blog, we will explore the length of Brahmaputra in Assam, its various names along its course, its biggest tributary, and its overall significance to the state’s identity.
The Length of Brahmaputra in Assam: A Vital Lifeline
The length of Brahmaputra in Assam is approximately 916 kilometers. It enters Assam from Arunachal Pradesh at Sadiya, a town in the easternmost part of the state, and continues westward before crossing into Bangladesh.
This river is not just a waterway; it is the backbone of Assam’s ecosystem. Its fertile banks support agriculture, making Assam one of India’s leading producers of rice, tea, and jute. The river is also an essential means of transportation, facilitating trade and connectivity for numerous towns and villages.
However, the Brahmaputra is also known for its unpredictable nature. During monsoons, it swells beyond its banks, leading to devastating floods that affect thousands of people annually. Yet, despite its challenges, the Brahmaputra remains Assam’s most defining natural feature, shaping its land and livelihood.
What is the Name of Brahmaputra River in Tibet?
The Brahmaputra River originates in Tibet, where it is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo. It begins from the Chemayungdung Glacier in the Himalayas at an altitude of approximately 5,300 meters.
As the Yarlung Tsangpo, the river flows eastward across the Tibetan Plateau, passing through deep gorges and barren landscapes. This section of the river is considered sacred by Tibetans and is closely tied to their spiritual beliefs.
One of the most awe-inspiring sections of the river is the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, the world’s deepest canyon, even surpassing the Grand Canyon in depth. This rugged terrain makes the river inaccessible in several places, adding to its mystique.
What is the Brahmaputra River Called in Arunachal Pradesh?
Once the Yarlung Tsangpo enters India through Kepang La Pass, it enters the northeastern state of Arunachal Pradesh and is renamed the Siang River.
The Siang River is known for its crystal-clear waters and turbulent rapids, making it a hotspot for adventure sports such as whitewater rafting. It flows through the lush green forests and hilly terrains of Arunachal Pradesh, supporting indigenous communities such as the Adi, Galo, and Nyishi tribes.
Before entering Assam, the Siang River merges with the Dibang and Lohit Rivers. This confluence marks the birth of the mighty Brahmaputra River, which then expands in width and strength as it enters the plains.
Total Length of Brahmaputra in Assam and Beyond
The total length of the Brahmaputra River from its source in Tibet to its final destination in the Bay of Bengal is approximately 2,900 kilometers.
Among this, the length of Brahmaputra in Assam is 916 kilometers, making it one of the most important sections of the river. After flowing through Assam, it enters Bangladesh, where it is known as the Jamuna River. Eventually, it merges with the Ganges and Meghna Rivers, forming the world’s largest delta, the Sundarbans Delta, before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
This extensive journey of the river highlights its significance not just to Assam but to the entire subcontinent.
The Biggest Tributary of Brahmaputra
The Brahmaputra River is fed by numerous tributaries, each adding to its massive volume. Among them, the biggest tributary is the Subansiri River.
Originating in the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Subansiri River flows through Arunachal Pradesh before entering Assam, where it joins the Brahmaputra. It is about 442 kilometers long and is known for its strong currents and deep gorges.
The Subansiri River plays a crucial role in the region’s hydrology. It is also at the center of several hydroelectric projects, including the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project, one of India’s largest hydroelectric projects. However, such projects have sparked debates due to their potential impact on Assam’s ecology and flood patterns.
Apart from the Subansiri, other major tributaries of the Brahmaputra include:
- Manas River
- Dibang River
- Lohit River
- Dhansiri River
Each of these tributaries contributes to the river’s strength, affecting its flow and flood patterns.
Brahmaputra’s Cultural and Economic Influence in Assam
The length of Brahmaputra in Assam is not just a geographical feature; it is deeply intertwined with Assam’s culture and traditions.
One of the most famous landmarks along the Brahmaputra is Majuli, the world’s largest river island. Majuli is the spiritual heart of Assam’s Vaishnavite culture, home to several ancient Satras (monasteries) that preserve Assamese art, dance, and religious practices.
The river also plays a central role in Assamese festivals. The Ambubachi Mela at Kamakhya Temple, located on the banks of the Brahmaputra in Guwahati, attracts thousands of devotees every year. Additionally, the Bihu Festival, Assam’s most significant celebration, is closely associated with the agricultural cycle that depends on the river’s waters.
Economically, the Brahmaputra River serves as a major inland waterway. The government has been working to enhance National Waterway 2, which utilizes the river to connect Assam with other parts of India and Bangladesh, boosting trade and transportation.
Challenges and Conservation Efforts
Despite its immense benefits, the Brahmaputra River presents several challenges:
- Flooding: Assam faces severe floods every year, displacing thousands of people and destroying agricultural lands.
- Erosion: The river’s shifting course leads to loss of land and affects communities living along its banks.
- Pollution: Industrial and urban waste is contaminating the river, threatening its biodiversity.
To counter these issues, various conservation efforts are being implemented. The government has introduced embankments and dredging projects to control floods, while conservationists are working to protect the river’s unique biodiversity, including the endangered Gangetic river dolphin.
Conclusion
The Brahmaputra River is more than just a river; it is the lifeblood of Assam, shaping its economy, culture, and environment. With a total length of 916 kilometers in Assam, it supports agriculture, trade, and transportation while also posing challenges like flooding and erosion.
From being the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet to the Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh before transforming into the Brahmaputra, its journey is a testament to the power of nature. Its biggest tributary, the Subansiri River, further adds to its might.
For those who want to explore more about Assam’s stunning landscapes, hidden gems, and fascinating culture, visit Assam Wonderer. There, you will find in-depth blogs that take you on a journey through Assam’s rich heritage and natural beauty.